Management 2026 TP. Hồ Chí Minh UFM University

Chapter 2 Exam: Development of Management Perspectives

100 questions

180 min

Answer key

Exam info

Subject: Management
Exam type: University
Questions: 100
Duration: 180 min
Year: 2026
Answers: ✓ With explanations
School: Đại học Tài chính – Marketing (UFM)

Questions (100)

Q 1.
A manager observes that changing social values are affecting employee expectations. Which approach best reflects the environmental perspective described in the chapter?
- A.
  Trace how the values of the wider society influence relationships at work.
- B.
  Consider only the organization’s internal accounting records.
- C.
  Assume that social conditions remain stable and require no managerial response.
- D.
  Focus exclusively on the organization’s largest competitor.
Q 2.
Young employees place greater value on flexible schedules and remote work than on high salary. Which environmental force does this scenario primarily illustrate?
- A.
  Social forces
- B.
  Political forces
- C.
  Economic forces
- D.
  Technological forces
Q 3.
The government raises the legally required minimum wage for service-sector employees. Which force is exerting the strongest influence?
- A.
  Economic forces
- B.
  Political and legal forces
- C.
  Social forces
- D.
  Cultural forces
Q 4.
During an economic recession, rising unemployment leads consumers to reduce purchases of luxury goods. Which environmental force is represented?
- A.
  Social forces
- B.
  Economic forces
- C.
  Political forces
- D.
  Organizational forces
Q 5.
Consumers begin favoring companies that use environmentally friendly, plastic-free packaging. What does this change mainly represent?
- A.
  A change in social values
- B.
  A change in the legal minimum wage
- C.
  A shortage of production resources
- D.
  A change in the hierarchical structure of firms
Q 6.
Factories must install costly treatment systems because new environmental regulations take effect. Which classification is most appropriate?
- A.
  Social force
- B.
  Political and legal force
- C.
  Economic force
- D.
  Technological force
Q 7.
A manufacturer faces a sharp increase in input prices and cannot obtain enough imported components. Which environmental issue must managers address?
- A.
  The production and distribution of economic resources
- B.
  Employees’ preferred communication styles
- C.
  Community standards of etiquette
- D.
  The legal authority of senior managers
Q 8.
Which statement best summarizes the classical perspective of management?
- A.
  It emphasizes rational behavior, structured work, and efficiency.
- B.
  It argues that informal relationships are more important than formal structure.
- C.
  It treats employee creativity as the only reliable source of productivity.
- D.
  It rejects the idea that management can be studied systematically.
Q 9.
What core assumption about people is generally associated with the classical management perspective?
- A.
  People act rationally and can be guided by clear procedures.
- B.
  People are motivated primarily by social acceptance.
- C.
  People naturally reject all responsibility.
- D.
  People cannot learn improved methods.
Q 10.
During approximately what broad historical period did the classical perspective develop and remain influential?
- A.
  From the nineteenth century into the late twentieth century
- B.
  Only during the eighteenth century
- C.
  Only after the beginning of the twenty-first century
- D.
  Only after digital platforms became widespread
Q 11.
Which movement is not one of the major streams within the classical management perspective?
- A.
  Scientific management
- B.
  Administrative management
- C.
  Bureaucratic organization theory
- D.
  The humanistic perspective
Q 12.
What organizational change did the classical perspective help accelerate?
- A.
  The decline of professional management roles
- B.
  The growth of specialized managerial positions
- C.
  The elimination of scientific work-study methods
- D.
  The replacement of organizations with informal social groups
Q 13.
In the historical tension described in the chapter, which side of management thinking is most strongly represented by the classical perspective?
- A.
  The humanity of production
- B.
  The things of production
- C.
  Employee self-actualization
- D.
  Informal group formation
Q 14.
Which comparison between the classical and humanistic perspectives is accurate?
- A.
  Classical management emphasizes structured methods, while humanistic management emphasizes needs and motivation.
- B.
  Both perspectives reject formal organization.
- C.
  Classical management focuses on creativity, while humanistic management focuses only on output.
- D.
  Humanistic management assumes people are machines that require recalibration.
Q 15.
Who is identified as the father of scientific management?
- A.
  Frederick Winslow Taylor
- B.
  Henri Fayol
- C.
  Max Weber
- D.
  Elton Mayo
Q 16.
At the Bethlehem Steel example, Taylor improved productivity primarily by changing which of the following?
- A.
  Worker movements, tools, and the sequence of tasks
- B.
  Workers’ personal values outside the workplace
- C.
  The company’s ownership structure
- D.
  The number of management layers
Q 17.
A production manager documents the most efficient sequence for assembling a component. Which scientific-management practice is being used?
- A.
  Developing a standard method for the job
- B.
  Encouraging workers to design a different method each day
- C.
  Removing all standards to encourage creativity
- D.
  Allowing each manager to use unrelated procedures
Q 18.
Before assigning a worker to a specialized operation, a factory tests the worker’s ability to perform it. What scientific-management principle is being applied?
- A.
  Selection for appropriate ability
- B.
  Centralization of all rewards
- C.
  Creation of an informal organization
- D.
  Development of a scalar chain
Q 19.
A supervisor schedules materials in advance and removes interruptions so workers can complete a task continuously. Which scientific-management practice is being applied?
- A.
  Planning work and eliminating interruptions
- B.
  Replacing all supervision with worker autonomy
- C.
  Using contingent leadership
- D.
  Prioritizing employee self-actualization
Q 20.
A company pays workers an additional amount when they meet an established output standard. What scientific-management contribution is demonstrated?
- A.
  The importance of performance-based compensation
- B.
  The importance of informal supervision
- C.
  The unity of command
- D.
  The acceptance of authority
Q 21.
Which contribution is correctly matched with its contributor to scientific management?
- A.
  Gantt developed a scheduling chart, and Gilbreth added a human component to work study.
- B.
  Fayol developed the Gantt chart, and Weber introduced worker motivation.
- C.
  Taylor introduced bureaucracy, and Mayo developed administrative functions.
- D.
  Barnard created scientific management, and Senge developed the Gantt chart.
Q 22.
Which criticism is commonly directed at Taylor’s scientific-management approach?
- A.
  It placed too much emphasis on output and insufficient attention on the social context of work.
- B.
  It gave too much attention to selecting and training workers.
- C.
  It rejected the use of carefully specified work standards.
- D.
  It denied the importance of performance incentives.
Q 23.
Which theorist introduced the formal theory of bureaucratic organizations?
- A.
  Max Weber
- B.
  Frederick Taylor
- C.
  Douglas McGregor
- D.
  W. Edwards Deming
Q 24.
Why did Weber favor rational authority over authority based primarily on family connections?
- A.
  It was expected to be more efficient and adaptable to change.
- B.
  It required employees to ignore formal qualifications.
- C.
  It removed the need for hierarchy and procedures.
- D.
  It made promotion dependent on personal relationships.
Q 25.
A large organization chooses managers primarily because they have the relevant technical qualifications and demonstrated competence. Which Weberian principle is being followed?
- A.
  Selection based on competence
- B.
  Selection based on family status
- C.
  Promotion based on personal loyalty
- D.
  Selection by informal group consensus
Q 26.
Which description best defines bureaucracy as presented in the chapter?
- A.
  A complex organization with multiple layers and formal procedures
- B.
  A small family group whose members make decisions informally
- C.
  A team relying entirely on informal networks
- D.
  A flat organization with no written rules
Q 27.
Why has bureaucracy often acquired a negative meaning in everyday usage?
- A.
  Because its layers and procedures can produce excessive red tape.
- B.
  Because it normally has no formal hierarchy.
- C.
  Because it selects managers without regard to competence.
- D.
  Because it prevents organizations from having specialized roles.
Q 28.
Which comparison of the three major classical theories is accurate?
- A.
  Taylor focused on production tasks, Fayol on managerial functions, and Weber on organizational structure.
- B.
  Taylor focused on bureaucracy, Fayol on worker motivation, and Weber on work measurement.
- C.
  Taylor focused on social groups, Fayol on quality, and Weber on scientific measurement.
- D.
  Taylor, Fayol, and Weber all focused exclusively on employee self-actualization.
Q 29.
Which set contains the five functions of management identified by Henri Fayol?
- A.
  Planning, organizing, commanding, coordinating, and controlling
- B.
  Recruiting, training, financing, networking, and rewarding
- C.
  Planning, staffing, financing, innovating, and socializing
- D.
  Motivating, delegating, benchmarking, outsourcing, and automating
Q 30.
A company divides a large project into specialized tasks and assigns each task to employees with the appropriate skills. Which Fayol principle is being applied?
- A.
  Division of work
- B.
  Esprit de corps
- C.
  Unity of command
- D.
  Benchmarking
Q 31.
A manager receives both the duty and the authority to approve a project budget. Which Fayol principle is being followed?
- A.
  Authority and responsibility
- B.
  Scalar chain
- C.
  Unity of direction
- D.
  Continuity
Q 32.
An employee receives conflicting orders from two different supervisors concerning the same task. Which Fayol principle has been violated?
- A.
  Unity of command
- B.
  Remuneration
- C.
  Equity
- D.
  Centralization
Q 33.
An organization creates a clearly defined chain of authority extending from senior management to operational employees. Which principle does this structure represent?
- A.
  Scalar chain
- B.
  Unity of direction
- C.
  Order
- D.
  Benchmarking
Q 34.
Which pair of Fayol principles is correctly matched with its meaning?
- A.
  Unity of direction and subordinate individual interest
- B.
  Unity of command and scalar chain
- C.
  Division of work and authority and responsibility
- D.
  Remuneration and centralization
Q 35.
A company recognizes excellent performance with a salary bonus and public praise. Which principle allows both forms of reward?
- A.
  Remuneration
- B.
  Discipline
- C.
  Stability
- D.
  Order
Q 36.
A company’s highest-level managers make all major strategic decisions while lower levels mainly carry them out. Which principle is being emphasized?
- A.
  Centralization
- B.
  Division of work
- C.
  Unity of command
- D.
  Initiative
Q 37.
Which pair of principles is correctly identified?
- A.
  Order and discipline
- B.
  Equity and stability
- C.
  Initiative and esprit de corps
- D.
  Division of work and remuneration
Q 38.
Which pair of principles is correctly identified?
- A.
  Equity and stability
- B.
  Order and discipline
- C.
  Centralization and scalar chain
- D.
  Remuneration and initiative
Q 39.
Which pair of principles best supports employee creativity, trust, and mutual understanding?
- A.
  Order and discipline
- B.
  Equity and stability
- C.
  Initiative and esprit de corps
- D.
  Centralization and discipline
Q 40.
What historical development encouraged the emergence of the management science perspective?
- A.
  The changing and dynamic environment following World War II
- B.
  The decline of industrial production
- C.
  The replacement of organizations by family structures
- D.
  The disappearance of quantitative decision problems
Q 41.
Which feature most clearly distinguishes the management science perspective from earlier classical approaches?
- A.
  Its extensive use of mathematics, statistics, and quantitative techniques
- B.
  Its complete rejection of formal analysis
- C.
  Its reliance exclusively on informal group relationships
- D.
  Its focus only on workers’ psychological needs
Q 42.
According to the management science perspective, how is management primarily viewed?
- A.
  A purely political process based on personal alliances
- B.
  A logical process that can be analyzed and optimized
- C.
  An entirely artistic activity with no measurable patterns
- D.
  A social movement whose effectiveness cannot be measured
Q 43.
Which areas are identified as part of the management science perspective?
- A.
  Operations research, operations management, and management information systems
- B.
  Psychotherapy, folklore, political campaigns, and literature
- C.
  Bureaucratic ritual, family ownership, and personal loyalty
- D.
  Maslow’s needs, Hawthorne experiments, and esprit de corps
Q 44.
A company uses a mathematical model to determine the inventory level that minimizes ordering and storage costs. Which tool is being used?
- A.
  Operations research
- B.
  The scalar chain
- C.
  Human relations
- D.
  Benchmarking
Q 45.
Who is identified in the material as leading the increased study of management within the management science era?
- A.
  Peter Ferdinand Drucker
- B.
  Max Weber
- C.
  Henry Gantt
- D.
  Lillian Gilbreth
Q 46.
Which statement best describes the central concern of the humanistic perspective?
- A.
  Understanding needs, attitudes, motivation, and social interaction at work
- B.
  Maximizing production while ignoring employee characteristics
- C.
  Using statistical models to minimize operating costs
- D.
  Creating the longest possible hierarchy of authority
Q 47.
Which person is called the Mother of Modern Management in the chapter?
- A.
  Mary Parker Follett
- B.
  Chester Barnard
- C.
  Abraham Maslow
- D.
  Peter Senge
Q 48.
Which statement reflects Chester Barnard’s position on scientific management?
- A.
  Scientific techniques should replace all consideration of people.
- B.
  People are more important than technique alone.
- C.
  Formal organizations should eliminate all informal relationships.
- D.
  Employees must always accept the authority assigned to them.
Q 49.
Which topics are explicitly associated with Chester Barnard’s management thought?
- A.
  Ethics, power, and employee motivation
- B.
  Only freight shipment and inventory velocity
- C.
  Only workplace safety and sanitation
- D.
  Only financial accounting rules
Q 50.
Employees form social cliques and informal networks that are not shown in the organization chart. What are these groups called in Barnard’s approach?
- A.
  The informal organization
- B.
  The scalar chain
- C.
  The division of labor
- D.
  A management information system
Q 51.
Why can informal information relationships be valuable to an organization?
- A.
  They help people exchange information and cooperate across formal boundaries.
- B.
  They eliminate the need for formal communication.
- C.
  They guarantee that every employee follows the same method.
- D.
  They remove all conflict from the organization.
Q 52.
According to Barnard’s view of authority, how should managers understand employee acceptance of authority?
- A.
  Employees are passive and must always obey.
- B.
  Authority is valid only when it comes from a family connection.
- C.
  Employees have free will and may accept or reject imposed authority.
- D.
  Authority has the same meaning in every situation.
Q 53.
Which researchers are most closely associated with the Hawthorne studies?
- A.
  Elton Mayo and Fritz Roethlisberger
- B.
  Henri Fayol and Max Weber
- C.
  Peter Drucker and Peter Senge
- D.
  W. Edwards Deming and Douglas McGregor
Q 54.
How does the human-relations movement differ from a purely authoritarian approach to control?
- A.
  It treats control as something arising partly from the individual worker rather than only from authority.
- B.
  It assumes that close command is always the main source of productivity.
- C.
  It rejects the effect of management treatment on output.
- D.
  It considers group relationships irrelevant to satisfaction.
Q 55.
Which description accurately identifies the participants and task in the relay assembly test?
- A.
  Six women who assembled telephone relays
- B.
  Ten male engineers who designed railway bridges
- C.
  A group of accountants comparing annual budgets
- D.
  Two executives testing advertising campaigns
Q 56.
Why did the researchers find the relay assembly test significant?
- A.
  Productivity stayed high even after some favorable changes were removed.
- B.
  Workers produced nothing when supervision was withdrawn.
- C.
  All output came from mechanical automation.
- D.
  Workers rejected all financial incentives.
Q 57.
Which factors did Mayo and his colleagues identify as important drivers of improved productivity?
- A.
  A sense of importance, cohesive groups, informal supervision, and attention to workers
- B.
  Only the physical design of machines
- C.
  Only longer working hours
- D.
  Only larger monetary payments
Q 58.
What managerial lesson follows most directly from the Hawthorne findings?
- A.
  Positive treatment and attention to employees can improve output and satisfaction.
- B.
  Money is unimportant under every circumstance.
- C.
  Employees should never be supervised.
- D.
  Group relationships should be eliminated.
Q 59.
What is a central purpose of the human resources perspective?
- A.
  To reduce demeaning work and help employees use their full potential
- B.
  To redesign employees primarily as interchangeable machines
- C.
  To eliminate employee development
- D.
  To focus exclusively on the physical movement of products
Q 60.
Which major theory is associated with Abraham Maslow?
- A.
  The hierarchy of needs
- B.
  Theory of rational authority
- C.
  Benchmarking
- D.
  Contingency leadership
Q 61.
An employee’s physiological and safety needs are reasonably satisfied, and the employee now seeks recognition and respect. Which level of Maslow’s hierarchy is most directly involved?
- A.
  Esteem needs
- B.
  Physiological needs
- C.
  Safety needs
- D.
  Self-actualization
Q 62.
Which statement best represents McGregor’s Theory X?
- A.
  Most people dislike work and require direction, control, or threats to perform adequately.
- B.
  Most people naturally seek responsibility when conditions are suitable.
- C.
  Employees are generally self-directing when committed to organizational goals.
- D.
  Creativity is widely distributed throughout the population.
Q 63.
Which statement best represents McGregor’s Theory Y?
- A.
  People naturally prefer external control and avoid responsibility.
- B.
  People can exercise self-direction when committed to organizational objectives.
- C.
  Employees require punishment before making an adequate effort.
- D.
  Most people want security above all other considerations.
Q 64.
A supervisor closely monitors every action and threatens punishment whenever standards are not met. Which theory best describes the supervisor’s assumptions?
- A.
  Theory Y
- B.
  Theory X
- C.
  Contingency theory
- D.
  Total quality management
Q 65.
A team sets challenging goals, understands their importance, and decides how to complete the work without constant managerial direction. Which theory is most consistent with this behavior?
- A.
  Theory Y
- B.
  Theory X
- C.
  Scientific management
- D.
  Bureaucratic management
Q 66.
Under suitable conditions, employees increasingly volunteer for difficult assignments and propose creative solutions. Which Theory Y assumptions are reflected?
- A.
  Employees seek responsibility and creativity is widely distributed
- B.
  Employees avoid responsibility and creativity belongs only to a small group
- C.
  Employees require close direction and prefer security
- D.
  External punishment is the only effective motivator
Q 67.
Which comparison between Theory X and Theory Y is accurate?
- A.
  Theory X emphasizes avoidance and security, while Theory Y emphasizes commitment and responsibility.
- B.
  Theory X assumes self-direction, while Theory Y assumes punishment is always necessary.
- C.
  Theory X assumes creativity is widely distributed, while Theory Y assumes it is rare.
- D.
  Both theories assume that employees inherently dislike work.
Q 68.
A manager delegates meaningful responsibility, explains the purpose of the work, and allows employees to organize their own approach. Which assumptions underlie this style?
- A.
  Theory Y
- B.
  Theory X
- C.
  Bureaucratic red tape
- D.
  Pure centralization
Q 69.
Which disciplines contribute scientific methods to the behavioral sciences approach?
- A.
  Sociology, psychology, anthropology, and economics
- B.
  Only civil engineering
- C.
  Only accounting and taxation
- D.
  Only medieval philosophy
Q 70.
What is the main focus of the behavioral sciences approach to management?
- A.
  Scientific study of human behavior, interaction, motivation, needs, and values
- B.
  Only the mechanical design of production equipment
- C.
  Only the legal ownership of organizations
- D.
  Only the chronological order of management theories
Q 71.
Which development is associated with applying behavioral science to organizational health?
- A.
  Organizational development
- B.
  Scientific management
- C.
  Bureaucratic red tape
- D.
  Outsourcing
Q 72.
Why are research methods important in the behavioral sciences approach?
- A.
  They help explain and predict why people behave as they do.
- B.
  They prove that all employees react identically.
- C.
  They remove the need for ethical consideration.
- D.
  They replace all managerial judgment with formulas.
Q 73.
Which comparison among the three humanistic branches is accurate?
- A.
  Human relations studies social relationships, human resources develops abilities, and behavioral sciences studies behavior scientifically.
- B.
  Human relations focuses on inventory, human resources focuses on hierarchy, and behavioral science focuses only on legal ownership.
- C.
  All three branches use exactly the same research method and have identical main questions.
- D.
  Human relations rejects groups, while human resources rejects participation.
Q 74.
Which statement best defines a system in the systems view of organizations?
- A.
  A set of interrelated parts functioning as a whole to achieve a common purpose
- B.
  A collection of unrelated departments with separate purposes
- C.
  A single supervisor’s personal preferences
- D.
  A permanent structure that cannot receive feedback
Q 75.
What does system thinking require a manager to see?
- A.
  Only the separate parts of a situation
- B.
  Both the distinct elements and their complex, changing interactions
- C.
  Only the final output and ignore all inputs
- D.
  Only individual employees and ignore the organization
Q 76.
Which statement correctly describes a subsystem?
- A.
  An independent part with no connection to the rest of the organization
- B.
  A part that cooperates with and depends on other parts of the system
- C.
  A source of random noise outside the organization
- D.
  A rule that applies only to senior managers
Q 77.
In the systems view, what does synergy mean?
- A.
  Synchronization of the parts of a system
- B.
  Complete separation of every department
- C.
  The removal of feedback from decision-makers
- D.
  The use of only monetary rewards
Q 78.
Which sequence best represents a systems approach to organizational performance?
- A.
  Inputs, processes, outputs, and feedback
- B.
  Outputs, inputs, feedback, and random interruptions
- C.
  Feedback, outputs, hierarchy, and payroll
- D.
  Authority, red tape, discipline, and centralization
Q 79.
A change in customer demand affects production, inventory, and sales. A manager coordinates all three rather than optimizing one in isolation. Which perspective is being used?
- A.
  Systems theory
- B.
  Bureaucratic red tape
- C.
  Scientific management
- D.
  Centralization
Q 80.
What is the central claim of the contingency view of management?
- A.
  Organizational problems should be solved with one universal method.
- B.
  Successful management depends on the fit between the approach and the situation.
- C.
  Formal structures are always superior to informal relationships.
- D.
  Quality should be managed without considering customers.
Q 81.
Which phrase best summarizes the contingency principle of no one best way?
- A.
  Management methods should be selected according to the circumstances.
- B.
  Every organization should copy the structure of its largest competitor.
- C.
  Managers should ignore environmental differences.
- D.
  All teams require identical leadership styles.
Q 82.
Which variables are identified as relevant to the contingency view?
- A.
  Environment, technology, people, and task
- B.
  Only the organization’s letterhead
- C.
  Only the age of the founder
- D.
  Only historical management theories
Q 83.
What is the manager’s role under the contingency view?
- A.
  Apply a fixed method regardless of circumstances
- B.
  Adapt the management approach to the specific situation
- C.
  Avoid making any management decision
- D.
  Use only information from the organization’s earliest history
Q 84.
A highly experienced emergency team and a newly formed design team receive different leadership styles. Which perspective best explains this decision?
- A.
  Contingency view
- B.
  Scientific management
- C.
  Bureaucratic management
- D.
  Taylorism
Q 85.
Who is known as the father of the quality movement in the chapter?
- A.
  W. Edwards Deming
- B.
  Elton Mayo
- C.
  Henri Fayol
- D.
  Max Weber
Q 86.
Which statement best defines Total Quality Management?
- A.
  Managing the total organization to deliver quality
- B.
  Inspecting only the final product after production
- C.
  Assigning all quality responsibility to senior managers
- D.
  Using one fixed process that can never be changed
Q 87.
Which set contains the four key elements of quality management?
- A.
  Employee involvement, customer focus, benchmarking, and continuous improvement
- B.
  Planning, organizing, commanding, coordinating, and controlling
- C.
  Selection, training, standard methods, and incentives
- D.
  Rigid hierarchy, red tape, family authority, and secrecy
Q 88.
A company repeatedly uses customer feedback to revise its services. Which TQM element does this practice most directly demonstrate?
- A.
  Focus on the customer
- B.
  Scalar chain
- C.
  Centralization
- D.
  Division of labor
Q 89.
A hospital compares its patient-safety procedures with those of leading hospitals and adopts proven practices. Which TQM element is being used?
- A.
  Benchmarking
- B.
  Unity of command
- C.
  Theory X
- D.
  Informal organization
Q 90.
Which statement best reflects the culture required by Total Quality Management?
- A.
  Only the quality department is responsible for quality.
- B.
  Once performance is satisfactory, no further improvement is needed.
- C.
  Every employee helps build quality and continuously improve processes.
- D.
  Quality should be evaluated only through final inspection.
Q 91.
Who began the discussion of the learning organization that is emphasized in the chapter?
- A.
  Peter Senge
- B.
  Henry Gantt
- C.
  Max Weber
- D.
  Chester Barnard
Q 92.
Which feature most clearly distinguishes a learning organization?
- A.
  All employees participate in identifying and solving problems.
- B.
  Only senior managers are permitted to learn.
- C.
  Learning occurs only after technology fails.
- D.
  Standard methods must never be questioned.
Q 93.
Why are learning and organizational growth important in a changing environment?
- A.
  They increase the organization’s capacity to adapt, learn, and grow.
- B.
  They eliminate the need for managerial planning.
- C.
  They ensure that the environment will remain unchanged.
- D.
  They remove the need to solve new problems.
Q 94.
What shift does the learning-organization perspective encourage organizations to make?
- A.
  From maximizing efficiency alone toward learning and solving problems
- B.
  From employee participation toward complete managerial isolation
- C.
  From adaptation toward permanent dependence on one routine
- D.
  From shared goals toward disconnected individual objectives
Q 95.
A retailer coordinates suppliers, production schedules, inventory, and delivery to serve customers. Which key workplace technology is being applied?
- A.
  Supply Chain Management
- B.
  Customer Relationship Management
- C.
  Outsourcing
- D.
  Big data analytics
Q 96.
What is the primary purpose of big data analytics in the technology-driven workplace?
- A.
  Gather and analyze large amounts of data to understand customers better
- B.
  Create additional layers in the formal hierarchy
- C.
  Require employees to follow identical thought processes
- D.
  Eliminate all human judgment from decisions
Q 97.
Which statement best describes a platform-based organization?
- A.
  An organization that operates through the functionality of digital or social platforms
- B.
  An organization that predates computers and uses only paper files
- C.
  A hierarchy in which every decision is centralized
- D.
  A system based only on informal face-to-face groups
Q 98.
How is the sharing economy connected to platform-based digital organizations?
- A.
  It often uses digital platforms to connect providers and users of goods or services.
- B.
  It requires every provider to work inside the same factory
- C.
  It eliminates the need for any digital connection
- D.
  It is based only on formal government licensing
Q 99.
Which development is central to the people-driven workplace?
- A.
  Greater employee control, responsibility, energy, and creativity
- B.
  The removal of employee responsibility
- C.
  The return to strictly centralized authority
- D.
  A universal ban on workplace collaboration
Q 100.
A company gives decision authority to employees who are closest to the customer and the work. Which contemporary management idea does this practice illustrate?
- A.
  Empowerment in a people-driven workplace
- B.
  Strict adherence to the scalar chain
- C.
  Taylor’s standardization of every task
- D.
  Bureaucratic centralization

Answers and explanations are in mode.