TESOL Research Methodology TP. Hồ Chí Minh HCMCOU University

TESOL Research Design: Worldviews, Methods, and Academic Writing

80 câu

120 phút

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Thông tin đề

Môn: TESOL Research Methodology
Kỳ thi: University
Số câu: 80 câu
Thời gian: 120 phút
Đáp án: ✓ Có giải thích
Trường: Đại học Mở TP.HCM (HCMCOU)

Nội dung đề (80 câu)

Câu 1.
According to the worldviews framework, which one has the primary goal of 'Test / explain' and follows a deductive logic?
- A.
  Postpositivist
- B.
  Constructivist
- C.
  Transformative
- D.
  Pragmatic
Câu 2.
Which worldview aligns most naturally with the goal of 'understand meaning' through inductive reasoning?
- A.
  Postpositivist
- B.
  Constructivist
- C.
  Transformative
- D.
  Pragmatic
Câu 3.
A researcher wants to challenge inequity through critical and collaborative logic. Which worldview best fits this goal?
- A.
  Postpositivist
- B.
  Constructivist
- C.
  Transformative
- D.
  Pragmatic
Câu 4.
Which worldview is associated with the typical logic 'Use what works' and frequently uses mixed methods?
- A.
  Postpositivist
- B.
  Constructivist
- C.
  Transformative
- D.
  Pragmatic
Câu 5.
Which qualitative design focuses on the stories and lives of individuals and 'restories' them?
- A.
  Phenomenology
- B.
  Grounded theory
- C.
  Narrative research
- D.
  Ethnography
Câu 6.
A researcher is interested in describing the essence of a shared lived experience among participants. Which qualitative design is most appropriate?
- A.
  Case study
- B.
  Phenomenology
- C.
  Grounded theory
- D.
  Ethnography
Câu 7.
Which qualitative design aims to develop a theory grounded in participants' views of a process?
- A.
  Narrative research
- B.
  Phenomenology
- C.
  Grounded theory
- D.
  Case study
Câu 8.
A researcher wants to study the shared patterns of a culture-sharing group in a natural setting over time. Which qualitative design fits best?
- A.
  Case study
- B.
  Narrative research
- C.
  Phenomenology
- D.
  Ethnography
Câu 9.
Which qualitative design involves an in-depth analysis of a case bounded by time and place?
- A.
  Case study
- B.
  Ethnography
- C.
  Grounded theory
- D.
  Narrative research
Câu 10.
In which mixed methods design are QUAN and QUAL data collected at roughly the same time and then merged into integrated interpretations?
- A.
  Explanatory sequential
- B.
  Exploratory sequential
- C.
  Convergent
- D.
  Multiphase
Câu 11.
Which mixed methods design starts with quantitative data and uses follow-up qualitative data to explain the quantitative results?
- A.
  Convergent
- B.
  Exploratory sequential
- C.
  Explanatory sequential
- D.
  Transformative
Câu 12.
In an exploratory sequential mixed methods design, what is the typical sequence of data collection?
- A.
  QUAN then QUAL
- B.
  QUAL then QUAN
- C.
  QUAN and QUAL simultaneously
- D.
  Only QUAL data are collected
Câu 13.
According to the materials, what type of data is most characteristic of qualitative research?
- A.
  Numeric data from closed-ended instruments
- B.
  Multiple data forms from open and closed-ended instruments
- C.
  Interview, observation, document, and audiovisual data
- D.
  Statistical data only
Câu 14.
Which type of analysis is most aligned with quantitative research?
- A.
  Thematic analysis of text and image
- B.
  Statistical analysis
- C.
  Coding and categorizing themes
- D.
  Interpretation across databases
Câu 15.
In the IMRAD structure, what does the 'I' stand for and what question does it answer?
- A.
  Interpretation — What do the findings mean?
- B.
  Introduction — Why was the study needed?
- C.
  Integration — How are data combined?
- D.
  Investigation — What was discovered?
Câu 16.
In the IMRAD structure, what does the 'M' section primarily address?
- A.
  Why the study was needed
- B.
  What the study found
- C.
  How the study was conducted
- D.
  What the findings mean
Câu 17.
In the IMRAD structure, which section presents findings, evidence, and patterns or relationships?
- A.
  Introduction
- B.
  Methods
- C.
  Results
- D.
  Discussion
Câu 18.
Which IMRAD section connects findings to prior literature, addresses theory and limitations, and discusses implications?
- A.
  Introduction
- B.
  Methods
- C.
  Results
- D.
  Discussion
Câu 19.
What is the key distinction between a research paper and a research proposal?
- A.
  A proposal contains real data; a paper contains planned analyses
- B.
  A proposal specifies what will be done; a paper reports what was done and found
- C.
  A paper contains no Methods section
- D.
  A proposal does not justify its design
Câu 20.
According to the materials, what three broad questions do quantitative, qualitative, and mixed methods proposals all answer?
- A.
  What is this project? What do we want to learn? How will we execute it?
- B.
  What did we find? What does it mean? What should we conclude?
- C.
  Who are the authors? What is the budget? When is the deadline?
- D.
  Why is this important? Who will fund it? How will it be published?
Câu 21.
Which feature is distinctive to quantitative proposals rather than qualitative ones?
- A.
  Open-ended research questions and inductive logic
- B.
  Variables specified in advance and planned statistical analysis
- C.
  Purposeful, information-rich sampling
- D.
  Worldview made explicit and recursive logic
Câu 22.
Which feature is distinctive to qualitative proposals rather than quantitative ones?
- A.
  Predetermined variables and statistical analysis
- B.
  Validity and reliability as explicit concerns
- C.
  Credibility, transferability, and reflexivity as quality criteria
- D.
  Deductive, linear logic
Câu 23.
What is distinctive about mixed methods proposals compared with single-method proposals?
- A.
  They use only quantitative questions
- B.
  They plan only one dataset and one analysis
- C.
  Integration must be designed and explained
- D.
  They contain no ethics statement
Câu 24.
In a mixed methods proposal, how many linked question types should typically appear?
- A.
  One type
- B.
  At least three
- C.
  Only qualitative questions
- D.
  Only hypotheses
Câu 25.
According to the materials, what is the difference between a research topic and a research problem?
- A.
  They are the same thing
- B.
  A topic is a broad area of interest; a problem is a specific issue needing investigation
- C.
  A problem is broader than a topic
- D.
  A problem statement is the same as a research topic
Câu 26.
What is a problem statement?
- A.
  A list of references on the topic
- B.
  A written explanation that identifies the problem and justifies why it needs research
- C.
  A summary of the study findings
- D.
  A hypothesis for a quantitative study
Câu 27.
In Creswell's deficiencies model, what four elements structure an introduction?
- A.
  Title, abstract, keywords, references
- B.
  Research problem, evidence from literature, deficiencies in evidence, importance for audiences
- C.
  Methods, results, discussion, conclusion
- D.
  Variables, hypotheses, sample, analysis
Câu 28.
What does a strong research problem typically need to be?
- A.
  Specific, significant, researchable, and situated in a context
- B.
  Broad, vague, and unanswerable
- C.
  Identical to the broad topic
- D.
  Derived only from the researcher's opinion
Câu 29.
Which statement best describes a problem statement's relationship to the literature?
- A.
  It should emerge from the literature, not from a personal opinion that something is 'a problem'
- B.
  It should simply state that no one has ever studied the topic
- C.
  It should avoid mentioning prior studies
- D.
  It should describe what the study will do in detail
Câu 30.
According to the materials, what should quantitative research questions typically focus on?
- A.
  Variables that are described, related, predicted, or compared
- B.
  Meanings and lived experiences of a phenomenon
- C.
  Integration of quantitative and qualitative strands
- D.
  Only one central phenomenon
Câu 31.
What does a null hypothesis predict?
- A.
  A significant relationship or difference
- B.
  The expected direction of the result
- C.
  No relationship or no significant difference
- D.
  The qualitative themes of the study
Câu 32.
When is a directional alternative hypothesis preferred over a nondirectional one?
- A.
  When the design is qualitative
- B.
  When the researcher has no prior theory or evidence
- C.
  When theory or prior evidence supports a specific direction
- D.
  When the study is mixed methods
Câu 33.
Which opening is most appropriate for a central qualitative research question?
- A.
  Does X cause Y?
- B.
  How do participants experience X?
- C.
  What is the relationship between X and Y?
- D.
  What is the effect of X on Y?
Câu 34.
How many sub-questions are typically recommended alongside a central qualitative question?
- A.
  As many as possible
- B.
  No more than 5–7
- C.
  Exactly 10
- D.
  Only one
Câu 35.
In mixed methods research, what role does the third question typically play?
- A.
  It duplicates the qualitative question
- B.
  It asks what is learned by combining the quantitative and qualitative strands
- C.
  It eliminates the quantitative strand
- D.
  It focuses only on validity concerns
Câu 36.
In an explanatory sequential mixed methods design, in what order do the research questions appear?
- A.
  Qualitative question first, then quantitative question
- B.
  Quantitative questions/hypotheses first, then qualitative questions
- C.
  Mixed methods question first, then both strands
- D.
  All three questions can appear in any order
Câu 37.
What does Swales and Feak's CARS model identify as the three rhetorical moves of an introduction?
- A.
  Title, abstract, references
- B.
  Establishing a territory, establishing a niche, occupying the niche
- C.
  Reporting, synthesising, gap-making
- D.
  Introduction, methods, results, discussion
Câu 38.
What is the primary rhetorical job of Move 2 (Establishing a Niche) in an introduction?
- A.
  To summarize all previous studies
- B.
  To create a reason for the present study
- C.
  To describe the data analysis plan
- D.
  To present the findings
Câu 39.
What is the obligatory first element of Move 3 (Occupying the Niche)?
- A.
  A list of references
- B.
  A statement of the purpose of the present study
- C.
  A detailed methods description
- D.
  A presentation of results
Câu 40.
Which of these is a recommended caution when using gap-indicating language in an introduction?
- A.
  Use 'no studies have' whenever possible
- B.
  Use stronger wording than the evidence supports to be safe
- C.
  Prefer 'few studies have' or 'little is known' for cautious claims
- D.
  Avoid all gap-indicating language
Câu 41.
Which tense pattern is most appropriate when describing the activity of a single researcher?
- A.
  Present perfect
- B.
  Simple past
- C.
  Simple present for current knowledge
- D.
  Future tense
Câu 42.
When is an integral (author-prominent) citation most appropriate?
- A.
  When the finding matters more than the author
- B.
  When the author, position, or contrast between scholars is the focus
- C.
  Only in qualitative research
- D.
  Only in the Methods section
Câu 43.
Which of the following best illustrates a non-integral citation?
- A.
  Smith (2024) argues that feedback literacy matters.
- B.
  Feedback literacy has been widely studied as a key construct (Smith, 2024; Nguyen, 2025).
- C.
  According to Smith (2024), feedback literacy matters.
- D.
  Smith and Nguyen (2024) found that...
Câu 44.
According to the materials, what are the five language functions of a literature review?
- A.
  Reporting, synthesising, comparing, evaluating, gap-making
- B.
  Quoting, paraphrasing, summarising, citing, referencing
- C.
  Introduction, methods, results, discussion, conclusion
- D.
  Defining, describing, classifying, comparing, contrasting
Câu 45.
What does the synthesising function in a literature review accomplish?
- A.
  It lists studies one by one without showing relationships
- B.
  It shows how several studies connect as a group
- C.
  It presents raw data from individual studies
- D.
  It only uses direct quotations
Câu 46.
Which sentence best demonstrates comparison language in a literature review?
- A.
  Smith (2022) studied writing anxiety.
- B.
  Writing anxiety has been widely studied.
- C.
  Whereas Smith (2022) reported high anxiety, Lee (2023) found moderate levels.
- D.
  Further research is needed.
Câu 47.
Why should writers be cautious when using 'No studies have...' in a literature review?
- A.
  It is too informal
- B.
  It can overstate the deficiency unless qualified
- C.
  It is grammatically incorrect
- D.
  It is only used in qualitative research
Câu 48.
When is direct quotation most appropriate?
- A.
  Whenever a source is used
- B.
  When the author's exact wording is important to analyse
- C.
  When the exact wording is important or paraphrasing would distort the meaning
- D.
  Only in the Methods section
Câu 49.
What distinguishes a strong paraphrase from a patchwrite?
- A.
  A strong paraphrase changes both wording and sentence structure while preserving meaning
- B.
  A strong paraphrase only replaces individual words
- C.
  A strong paraphrase keeps the original sentence structure
- D.
  A strong paraphrase omits the citation
Câu 50.
Which choice best describes a summary?
- A.
  A restatement of one specific idea in your own words
- B.
  A direct quotation of a short phrase
- C.
  A condensed version of a larger passage or source in your own words
- D.
  A reference list entry
Câu 51.
What core principle links in-text citations and the reference list?
- A.
  They should use different source titles
- B.
  Every cited source should appear in the reference list and vice versa
- C.
  Only in-text citations are required for borrowed ideas
- D.
  The reference list can omit in-text citations
Câu 52.
What is the difference between 'small-t theory' and 'established Theory'?
- A.
  Small-t theory is a formal Theory; established Theory is informal
- B.
  Small-t theory is developed from a particular study; established Theory is a larger, previously developed account
- C.
  Established Theory is only used in qualitative research
- D.
  There is no difference
Câu 53.
What is a theoretical framework?
- A.
  A list of references used in a study
- B.
  The theoretical perspective used to frame and guide a study
- C.
  A summary of the findings
- D.
  The data analysis plan
Câu 54.
How does a theoretical framework affect a study's research questions?
- A.
  It has no impact on the questions
- B.
  It directs attention to what the framework says matters
- C.
  It only affects the citation style
- D.
  It replaces the need for research questions
Câu 55.
What is a conceptual framework?
- A.
  A synthesis of key concepts and their proposed relationships, based on the literature
- B.
  A list of methods used in a study
- C.
  The instrument used to collect data
- D.
  The statistical analysis plan
Câu 56.
Which move in writing a framework section signals a mature argument by acknowledging what the framework cannot explain?
- A.
  Introduce
- B.
  Origin and development
- C.
  Boundaries
- D.
  Key concepts
Câu 57.
According to the writing-moves framework, which move explains how the framework's concepts connect?
- A.
  Key concepts
- B.
  Relationships
- C.
  Application
- D.
  Boundaries
Câu 58.
Which statement about qualitative sampling is most accurate?
- A.
  Qualitative research typically uses probability sampling for generalizability
- B.
  Qualitative research uses purposeful, information-rich sampling
- C.
  Qualitative research avoids sampling decisions
- D.
  Qualitative research uses only random selection
Câu 59.
Which sampling approach is most typical of quantitative research?
- A.
  Purposeful sampling for information-rich cases
- B.
  Snowball sampling only
- C.
  Probability sampling from a defined population
- D.
  Convenience sampling without a sampling rationale
Câu 60.
According to Creswell and Creswell, which factor is one of the criteria for choosing a research approach?
- A.
  The brand of software available
- B.
  The research problem, personal experience, and audience
- C.
  The colour of the cover page
- D.
  The exact number of pages required
Câu 61.
A study tests whether a treatment influences an outcome by giving it to one group and withholding it from another. Which design is this?
- A.
  Survey research
- B.
  Experimental research
- C.
  Ethnography
- D.
  Case study
Câu 62.
What distinguishes a quasi-experiment from a true experiment?
- A.
  A quasi-experiment uses random assignment; a true experiment does not
- B.
  A quasi-experiment uses non-random groups; a true experiment uses random assignment
- C.
  A true experiment never compares groups
- D.
  A quasi-experiment is a form of survey
Câu 63.
Which of the following describes a survey design?
- A.
  In-depth analysis of a bounded case
- B.
  Numeric description of trends, attitudes, or opinions by studying a sample
- C.
  Stories and lives of individuals
- D.
  Shared patterns of a culture-sharing group
Câu 64.
In a qualitative study, what type of sampling is most appropriate when seeking information-rich cases?
- A.
  Random sampling
- B.
  Stratified probability sampling
- C.
  Purposeful sampling
- D.
  Census sampling
Câu 65.
Which of the following best defines validity in quantitative research?
- A.
  The consistency of measurement
- B.
  The extent to which a study measures what it intends to measure
- C.
  The ability to transfer findings to other contexts
- D.
  The number of participants in a study
Câu 66.
Which quality criterion is most closely associated with qualitative research?
- A.
  Internal validity only
- B.
  Credibility and transferability
- C.
  Statistical reliability
- D.
  Random assignment
Câu 67.
What is the role of the Discussion section in a research paper?
- A.
  To present the raw data tables
- B.
  To interpret findings, link them to literature and theory, and discuss implications and limitations
- C.
  To describe the data collection procedures
- D.
  To replace the conclusion
Câu 68.
Which element is NOT typically part of the Conclusion section?
- A.
  Direct answers to the research questions
- B.
  Statement of the main contribution
- C.
  Introduction of new evidence not discussed earlier
- D.
  Implications and limitations
Câu 69.
Why is it important to pilot instruments when appropriate?
- A.
  To eliminate the need for ethics approval
- B.
  To detect problems with wording, timing, or procedures before the main study
- C.
  To collect the final dataset
- D.
  To replace the need for sampling decisions
Câu 70.
According to the materials, what is a common ethical requirement in TESOL research?
- A.
  Mandatory deception of participants
- B.
  Informed consent and voluntary participation
- C.
  Paying participants to produce specific results
- D.
  Withholding all information about the study
Câu 71.
Why is a transparent audit trail important in data collection?
- A.
  It helps with marketing the study
- B.
  It allows others to understand exactly how the study was conducted
- C.
  It eliminates the need for analysis
- D.
  It serves as a substitute for ethics review
Câu 72.
In quantitative analysis, what is the typical sequence of steps after raw data collection?
- A.
  Coding, descriptive statistics, inferential statistics, interpretation
- B.
  Coding/cleaning, descriptive statistics, inferential statistics, interpretation
- C.
  Transcription, coding, themes, interpretation
- D.
  Transcription, statistical analysis, integration, interpretation
Câu 73.
What is the qualitative analysis sequence described in the materials?
- A.
  Transcription/preparation, coding, categories, themes/patterns, interpretation
- B.
  Cleaning, descriptive statistics, inferential statistics, interpretation
- C.
  Sampling, data collection, coding, statistical tests, interpretation
- D.
  Hypothesis testing, statistical analysis, interpretation
Câu 74.
Why does the materials distinguish analysis from discussion?
- A.
  Analysis is the same as discussion; the distinction is unnecessary
- B.
  Analysis establishes what the data show; discussion explains what those findings mean
- C.
  Discussion is only used in qualitative research
- D.
  Analysis is only used in mixed methods research
Câu 75.
Which set of databases is most relevant for education research according to the materials?
- A.
  ERIC, EBSCO, Google Scholar, Scopus
- B.
  Only PubMed
- C.
  Only DOAJ
- D.
  Only ProQuest dissertations
Câu 76.
Which is the recommended priority order when searching the literature?
- A.
  Web sources first, then conference papers, books, journal articles, broad syntheses
- B.
  Broad syntheses first, then journal articles, books, conference papers, web sources
- C.
  Books first, then web sources, then journal articles
- D.
  Only journal articles in any order
Câu 77.
What is a literature map used for?
- A.
  To replace the literature review entirely
- B.
  To visually position the study within existing research
- C.
  To record participants' demographic data
- D.
  To list all references in alphabetical order
Câu 78.
Which principle is recommended when defining terms in a proposal?
- A.
  Define terms only at the end of the document
- B.
  Use specific, operational definitions grounded in the research literature
- C.
  Use vague, abstract definitions to allow flexibility
- D.
  Avoid defining terms altogether
Câu 79.
According to the materials, what is a common feature of quantitative literature reviews compared to qualitative ones?
- A.
  Quantitative reviews are typically used sparingly and inductively
- B.
  Quantitative reviews are deductive, substantial, and positioned up front to build toward questions or hypotheses
- C.
  Quantitative reviews avoid specifying variables
- D.
  Quantitative reviews never cite journal articles
Câu 80.
What is the 'coherence test' for a research paper or proposal?
- A.
  Whether the title is catchy
- B.
  Whether a reader can trace a clear line from problem to RQs to method to findings to claims
- C.
  Whether the references are in alphabetical order
- D.
  Whether the methods section is the longest

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