Vietnamese Constitutional Law 1: Constitutional Development, Environment, Foreign Policy, and National Defense

The organization of state power belonging to the people and related state-citizen relationships

The administration and management of private economic enterprises

The drafting rules and legislative procedures of individual statutes

International commercial transactions and international trade arbitration

It studies constitutional law only as it exists at the present time.

It studies constitutional law in the present, historically, and prospectively.

It is limited to interpreting the Constitution currently in force.

It focuses exclusively on the historical origins of constitutional institutions.

It compares Vietnamese constitutional law with other branches of law and other national constitutional systems.

It examines only constitutional provisions adopted in Hanoi.

It excludes foreign constitutional experience from the research process.

It focuses only on the constitutional rules applicable during a single historical period.

To eliminate all constitutional norms that have ever existed.

To elucidate knowledge about the field and develop constitutional institutions and norms suited to each historical period.

To replace the Constitution with a system of private contracts.

To study constitutional issues without considering historical development.

A key role and a driving force for national development.

A subordinate role subordinate to all other national policies.

No role in the country's development.

A role limited to protecting intellectual property rights.

It placed science and technology alongside education and training as primary national priorities.

It removed all state responsibility for scientific research.

It recognized only private enterprises as participants in research.

It classified science and technology as a private and non-national concern.

Only state agencies were responsible for protecting natural resources.

Only the central government was responsible for improving the living environment.

State agencies, enterprises, cooperatives, armed units, and citizens all had duties concerning natural resources and the living environment.

Environmental protection was not mentioned in the 1980 Constitution.

The right to live in a clean environment

The right to engage in scientific research without state involvement

The unrestricted right to exploit natural resources

The right to disregard climate-change responsibilities

Protecting the environment while managing and using natural resources effectively and stably.

Prioritizing industrial growth regardless of environmental consequences.

Excluding biodiversity protection from national development policy.

Waiting until natural calamities occur before responding to environmental risks.

A principled and directive position representing a country's international relations.

A set of private preferences with no connection to national interests.

An isolated activity that has no relationship with domestic policy.

A policy determined only by international obligations.

Foreign policy was expressly regulated in a constitutional article for the first time.

Foreign policy was removed from the Constitution.

Foreign policy was placed under a separate constitutional chapter for the first time.

Foreign policy was limited to relations with socialist countries.

Independence, peace, cooperation, diversification of relations, and active international integration

Isolation from international institutions and exclusive reliance on one partner

Foreign relations based on interference in other states' internal affairs

Cooperation without regard for equality or mutual benefit

Respect for independence, sovereignty, and territorial integrity; non-interference; equality; and mutual benefit.

Support for any political movement regardless of its treatment of sovereignty.

The unconditional priority of foreign interests over national interests.

A disregard for the United Nations Charter and international treaties.

It emphasized peace, friendship, expanded exchanges, and cooperation with all countries.

It confined official relations exclusively to socialist countries.

It eliminated all constitutional references to international cooperation.

It rejected the renewal process in national and international affairs.

Foreign policy continues domestic policy and is based on national interests while reasonably considering international obligations.

Domestic and foreign policy are wholly unrelated because they involve different state organs.

Foreign policy must ignore national interests to preserve international neutrality.

International obligations automatically determine foreign policy in every circumstance.

It was addressed indirectly through Preamble principles concerning unity, democracy, independence, and territorial integrity.

It was regulated in a dedicated chapter with provisions on military service.

It was limited to economic organization and excluded all references to territorial integrity.

It was addressed through Article 42 on military service.

A separate chapter regulated national defense policy, armed-force tasks, and military-service obligations.

All defense provisions were removed from the Constitution.

The Constitution recognized the right to refuse military service.

The armed forces were removed from their constitutional task of protecting national independence and sovereignty.

The Fatherland is sacred and inviolable, and violations of sovereignty and territorial integrity are dealt with under law.

Acts affecting territorial integrity may be resolved without legal consequences.

Territorial integrity is subordinate to any foreign agreement.

Only elected officials may bear responsibility for national defense.

As a sacred duty and noble right of citizens who must perform military service and participate in all-people national defense.

As an optional privilege limited to members of the armed forces.

As an exclusively administrative responsibility with no citizen participation.

As a matter unrelated to the all-people defense model.

Protecting the Socialist Republic of Vietnam is the responsibility of the entire population, with the people's armed forces playing a central role.

National defense is exclusively the responsibility of government agencies.

People's security is secondary to economic development and need not be integrated with defense policy.

The armed forces have no constitutional role because all national-defense duties belong to private organizations.