Interrogative pronoun for asking about people or things (what)

Verb "to be", negative form is 不是

Question particle placed at end of statement to form a yes/no question

Interrogative pronoun for asking which or where

Structural particle showing possession, placed between owner and possessed

Question particle for follow-up questions (what about...?)

Interrogative for asking about small numbers (usually under 10)

Numbers under 100: tens + 十 + units

Sentence-final particle indicating a change of state or new situation

Can, know how to — ability acquired through learning

Adjective predicate with 很 (very); negative uses 不

Asking about manner or method of an action (how)

Date order: year → month → day → weekday

Noun or noun phrase as predicate, commonly used for age and time

Serial verb construction: V1 expresses method or purpose of V2

Expressing desire or intention to do something

Asking quantity (10 or more) or price

个 is the most common measure word; 口 is used to count family members

Verb meaning to be located at a place

Interrogative pronoun asking about location (where)

Preposition indicating location where action occurs, placed before verb

Particle at end of sentence asking about location

Expresses possession or existence; negative is 没有

Conjunction connecting nouns or pronouns (and)

Can — expressing ability or permission

Polite request, equivalent to "please" or "may I invite you to"

Expressing time: X o'clock Y minutes

Time word placed before the verb as adverbial

Expressing time before a reference point

Asking about state or opinion (how is it? what do you think?)

A subject-predicate phrase serves as the predicate of the main subject

Expressing excessiveness: too/extremely + adjective + 了

Expressing prediction or likelihood of future events (will, likely to)

Hello — greeting used when answering the phone

Progressive aspect: action is currently in progress

Phone numbers read digit by digit; 1 is pronounced yāo to avoid confusion with 7

Particle for suggestions, mild requests, or seeking agreement

Aspect particle after verb indicating completed action

Expressing time after a reference point

Sentence-final particle for exclamation, emphasis, or softening tone

All, both — applies to all subjects or objects mentioned

Emphasizes time, place, or manner of a past event

Full date expression: year + month + day + weekday