Ngữ âm học 2023 Hà Nội FPT University

Tài liệu ôn tập thi cuối kỳ Ngữ âm học

100 questions

60 min

Answer key

Exam info

Subject: Ngữ âm học
Exam type: University
Questions: 100
Duration: 60 min
Year: 2023
Answers: ✓ With explanations
School: Đại học FPT

Questions (100)

Q 1.
Which of the following is an active articulator?
- a.
  Upper teeth
- b.
  Hard palate
- c.
  Lower lip
- d.
  Alveolar ridge
Q 2.
What is the primary role of the tongue in speech production?
- a.
  Filtering air from the lungs
- b.
  Supporting the soft palate
- c.
  Creating constrictions and shaping sounds
- d.
  Vibrating to produce sound
Q 3.
Which articulator is involved in producing pharma sounds?
- a.
  Tongue tip and alveolar ridge
- b.
  Upper and lower lips
- c.
  Tongue blade and teeth
- d.
  Velum and glottis
Q 4.
The alveolar ridge is located:
- a.
  Behind the hard palate
- b.
  Behind the upper front teeth
- c.
  Under the tongue
- d.
  Inside the larynx
Q 5.
Which of the following is not typically considered an articulator?
- a.
  Tongue
- b.
  Glottis
- c.
  Trachea
- d.
  Lips
Q 6.
The hard palate helps produce which types of sounds?
- a.
  Glottal
- b.
  Nasal
- c.
  Palatal
- d.
  Bilabial
Q 7.
What is the velum responsible for in speech production?
- a.
  Closing off the nasal passage for oral sounds
- b.
  Vibrating to produce voiced sounds
- c.
  Supporting the tongue root
- d.
  Producing clicks
Q 8.
Which articulator works with the tongue to produce dental sounds?
- a.
  Soft palate
- b.
  Alveolar ridge
- c.
  Upper teeth
- d.
  Uvula
Q 9.
The uvula is used in producing which type of speech sound?
- a.
  Labiodental
- b.
  Velar
- c.
  Uvular
- d.
  Glottal
Q 10.
Which articulator can be both active and passive depending on the sound?
- a.
  Velum
- b.
  Tongue
- c.
  Hard palate
- d.
  Lips
Q 11.
Which of the following best describes a consonant?
- a.
  A sound produced with no obstruction in the vocal tract
- b.
  A sound produced with a clear obstruction in the airflow
- c.
  A sound that can stand alone as a syllable
- d.
  A sound always made with vibration of the vocal cords
Q 12.
Which of the following is true about vowels?
- a.
  They are always voiceless
- b.
  They occur only at the beginning of words
- c.
  They involve a complete closure in the vocal tract
- d.
  They are produced with a relatively open vocal tract
Q 13.
One key feature that distinguishes consonants from vowels is:
- a.
  Length of sound
- b.
  Use of the tongue
- c.
  Presence or absence of obstruction
- d.
  Pitch variation
Q 14.
Which of these words starts with a vowel sound?
- a.
  Cat
- b.
  Apple
- c.
  Dog
- d.
  Ball
Q 15.
Which of the following is a consonant sound?
- a.
  /i:/
- b.
  /æ/
- c.
  /p/
- d.
  /u:/
Q 16.
In English syllable structure, vowels typically form the:
- a.
  Onset
- b.
  Nucleus
- c.
  Coda
- d.
  Suffix
Q 17.
Vowels differ from consonants in that they:
- a.
  Are produced using the teeth
- b.
  Are only used in unstressed syllables
- c.
  Are produced without any constriction in the vocal tract
- d.
  Are always voiceless
Q 18.
Which of the following is NOT a typical characteristic of a consonant?
- a.
  Obstruction of airflow
- b.
  Can form the nucleus of a syllable
- c.
  Often occurs at the edge of syllables
- d.
  Involves articulators making contact
Q 19.
Vowels are usually classified based on:
- a.
  Place and manner of articulation
- b.
  Voicing and pitch
- c.
  Tongue height, tongue position, and lip rounding
- d.
  Tense and lax categories only
Q 20.
Which pair contains one vowel and one consonant?
- a.
  /p/ and /b/
- b.
  /a/ and /i:/
- c.
  /k/ and /u:/
- d.
  /f/ and /θ/
Q 21.
Which of the following is not a standard feature used to classify consonants?
- a.
  Place of articulation
- b.
  Manner of articulation
- c.
  Lip rounding
- d.
  Voicing
Q 22.
The sound /t/ is classified as:
- a.
  Voiced bilabial stop
- b.
  Voiceless alveolar stop
- c.
  Voiceless velar fricative
- d.
  Voiced alveolar nasal
Q 23.
Which of these is a voiced fricative?
- a.
  /f/
- b.
  /s/
- c.
  /v/
- d.
  /ʃ/
Q 24.
Which of the following consonants is a nasal sound?
- a.
  /n/
- b.
  /t/
- c.
  /g/
- d.
  /s/
Q 25.
A stop consonant (also called a plosive) is characterized by:
- a.
  Continuous airflow through the nose
- b.
  A brief complete closure followed by a release
- c.
  Friction at the place of articulation
- d.
  Vibration of the vocal cords
Q 26.
What is the place of articulation for the consonant /ʃ/?
- a.
  Alveolar
- b.
  Palatal
- c.
  Post-alveolar
- d.
  Glottal
Q 27.
Which consonant is both voiced and bilabial?
- a.
  /b/
- b.
  /f/
- c.
  /k/
- d.
  /t/
Q 28.
The consonant /ŋ/ is:
- a.
  Voiced velar nasal
- b.
  Voiceless velar nasal
- c.
  Voiced alveolar nasal
- d.
  Voiced bilabial nasal
Q 29.
Which of these pairs are minimal pairs differing only in voicing?
- a.
  /p/ and /m/
- b.
  /t/ and /d/
- c.
  /f/ and /v/
- d.
  Both b and c
Q 30.
What type of consonant is / or English homology?
- a.
  Lateral approximant
- b.
  Glottal stop
- c.
  Affricate
- d.
  Nasal
Q 31.
Vowels are primarily classified by:
- a.
  Manner of articulation and aspiration
- b.
  Lip shape and length
- c.
  Tongue height, tongue position, and lip rounding
- d.
  Voice onset time and frequency
Q 32.
Which of the following is a high front unrounded vowel?
- a.
  /u:/
- b.
  /æ/
- c.
  /ɪ/
- d.
  /i:/
Q 33.
Which of these is a central vowel in English?
- a.
  /i:/
- b.
  /æ/
- c.
  /ɜ:/
- d.
  /ʊ/
Q 34.
The difference between /i:/ and /ɪ/ is mainly in:
- a.
  Lip rounding
- b.
  Tongue position
- c.
  Tenseness and length
- d.
  Nasality
Q 35.
Which of these vowels is rounded?
- a.
  /i:/
- b.
  /ʊ/
- c.
  /æ/
- d.
  /e/
Q 36.
A vowel produced with the tongue in the low position and the mouth open is:
- a.
  /ʊ/
- b.
  /æ/
- c.
  /ɪ/
- d.
  /ə/
Q 37.
Which of the following is classified as a mid-central vowel?
- a.
  /i:/
- b.
  /ə/
- c.
  /æ/
- d.
  /u:/
Q 38.
Which of the following best describes the vowel /u:/?
- a.
  Close back rounded
- b.
  Open front unrounded
- c.
  Mid central unrounded
- d.
  Close front rounded
Q 39.
The vowel /ɔ:/ is classified as:
- a.
  Mid front rounded
- b.
  Mid back rounded
- c.
  Low central rounded
- d.
  High back unrounded
Q 40.
Which of the following vowels is unrounded?
- a.
  /ʊ/
- b.
  /u:/
- c.
  /ɪ/
- d.
  /ɔ:/
Q 41.
What is a diphthong?
- a.
  A consonant followed by a vowel
- b.
  A single pure vowel sound
- c.
  A glide from one vowel quality to another within the same syllable
- d.
  A nasalized vowel sound
Q 42.
Which of the following is a diphthong in English?
- a.
  /i:/
- b.
  /æ/
- c.
  /eɪ/
- d.
  /ʊ/
Q 43.
Which pair contains only diphthongs?
- a.
  /aɪ/, /ə/, /u:/
- b.
  /eɪ/, /aʊ/, /ɔɪ/
- c.
  /i:/, /ɜ:/, /ə/
- d.
  /æ/, /ɪ/, /e/
Q 44.
The diphthong /aɪ/ appears in which word?
- a.
  Bed
- b.
  Time
- c.
  Boot
- d.
  Dog
Q 45.
Which of the following is not a centering diphthong?
- a.
  /ɪə/
- b.
  /eə/
- c.
  /ʊə/
- d.
  /ɔɪ/
Q 46.
How many diphthongs are there in Standard British English (RP)?
- a.
  6
- b.
  8
- c.
  10
- d.
  12
Q 47.
Which of these words contains the diphthong /əʊ/?
- a.
  Gate
- b.
  Show
- c.
  Meat
- d.
  Far
Q 48.
What is a triphthong?
- a.
  A consonant with three parts
- b.
  A sequence of three syllables
- c.
  A glide involving three vowel qualities within one syllable
- d.
  A vowel followed by two consonants
Q 49.
Which of the following is an example of a triphthong?
- a.
  /aɪə/
- b.
  /aɪ/
- c.
  /eə/
- d.
  /ə/
Q 50.
Triphthongs in English often appear in:
- a.
  Monosyllabic function words
- b.
  Unstressed prefixes
- c.
  Words with -er endings
- d.
  Words like “fire” and “player”
Q 51.
What is a phoneme?
- a.
  A written letter
- b.
  The smallest unit of grammar
- c.
  The smallest unit of sound that can distinguish meaning
- d.
  A word with one syllable
Q 52.
Which of the following represents a phonemic transcription?
- a.
  "cat"
- b.
  [kæt]
- c.
  /kæt/
- d.
Q 53.
What do the slashes / / indicate in phonemic transcription?
- a.
  Detailed phonetic realization
- b.
  Spelling
- c.
  Broad transcription of sounds
- d.
  Stress marking
Q 54.
Which of the following pairs are distinguished by only one phoneme?
- a.
  pat / bat
- b.
  sit / seat
- c.
  dog / dug
- d.
  all of the above
Q 55.
How many phonemes are in the word “ship”?
- a.
  2
- b.
  3
- c.
  4
- d.
  5
Q 56.
Which of the following best illustrates minimal pairs?
- a.
  big / bigger
- b.
  sea / see
- c.
  pin / bin
- d.
  cat / kitten
Q 57.
The phonemic symbol /θ/ represents the sound in:
- a.
  This
- b.
  Thin
- c.
  Then
- d.
  Though
Q 58.
The word "thought" is transcribed phonemically as:
- a.
  /tɔ:t/
- b.
  /θɔ:t/
- c.
  /ðɔ:t/
- d.
  /tɒt/
Q 59.
Which of the following is a voiced phoneme?
- a.
  /s/
- b.
  /p/
- c.
  /v/
- d.
  /f/
Q 60.
In phonemic transcription, which symbol represents the vowel in the word "cat"?
- a.
  /e/
- b.
  /ɪ/
- c.
  /ʌ/
- d.
  /æ/
Q 61.
What is the typical structure of a syllable in English?
- a.
  Vowel-Consonant-Vowel
- b.
  Coda-Onset-Nucleus
- c.
  Onset-Nucleus-Coda
- d.
  Prefix-Root-Suffix
Q 62.
In the word “cat”, which part is the nucleus of the syllable?
- a.
  /k/
- b.
  /æ/
- c.
  /t/
- d.
  /kt/
Q 63.
Which of the following syllables contains no coda?
- a.
  “cat”
- b.
  “see”
- c.
  “bat”
- d.
  “stand”
Q 64.
How many syllables are in the word “elephant”?
- a.
  2
- b.
  3
- c.
  4
- d.
  5
Q 65.
In the syllable /stræŋkθs/ (as in “strengths”), the onset is:
- a.
  /θs/
- b.
  /æŋk/
- c.
  /str/
- d.
  /s/
Q 66.
Which of these words contains a complex onset?
- a.
  Cat
- b.
  Plane
- c.
  It
- d.
  Act
Q 67.
Which part of a syllable is obligatory in English?
- a.
  Onset
- b.
  Coda
- c.
  Nucleus
- d.
  All parts are optional
Q 68.
A syllable with no coda is called:
- a.
  Closed
- b.
  Open
- c.
  Voiceless
- d.
  Voiced
Q 69.
Which word contains two syllables?
- a.
  Strong
- b.
  Paper
- c.
  Splash
- d.
  Milk
Q 70.
In English, a syllable must contain at least
- a.
  One consonant
- b.
  One vowel sound
- c.
  Two sounds
- d.
  A coda
Q 71.
What primarily distinguishes a strong syllable from a weak one?
- a.
  The number of letters
- b.
  Presence of a diphthong
- c.
  Stress and vowel quality
- d.
  Its place in the word
Q 72.
Weak syllables in English often contain:
- a.
  Long vowels
- b.
  Diphthongs
- c.
  Schwa /ə/
- d.
  Voiced consonants
Q 73.
In the word “canals,” which syllable is weak?
- a.
  First
- b.
  Second
- c.
  Third
- d.
  None
Q 74.
The syllable /ə/ is commonly used in:
- a.
  Strong stressed syllables
- b.
  Weak unstressed syllables
- c.
  Final consonants
- d.
  Diphthongs only
Q 75.
Which word has a weak first syllable?
- a.
  Doctor
- b.
  Record (noun)
- c.
  Banana
- d.
  Hotel
Q 76.
In the word “photograph,” which syllable is strong?
- a.
  First
- b.
  Second
- c.
  Third
- d.
  All are equal
Q 77.
Weak syllables typically lack:
- a.
  Consonants
- b.
  Any stress
- c.
  Any vowel
- d.
  Voicing
Q 78.
Which of these transcriptions includes a weak syllable?
- a.
  /ˈɡɑːdn/
- b.
  /ˈkæt/
- c.
  /dɪˈzɑːstə/
- d.
  /ˈskuːl/
Q 79.
Which of the following words shows vowel reduction in a weak syllable?
- a.
  Cat
- b.
  Apple
- c.
  Police
- d.
  Grammar
Q 80.
A strong syllable must contain
- a.
  The schwa vowel
- b.
  A diphthong or a clear vowel
- c.
  A voiceless consonant
- d.
  A silent vowel
Q 81.
What is word stress?
- a.
  Stress caused by sentence length
- b.
  Emphasis placed on one syllable of a word
- c.
  Raising pitch for a question
- d.
  The grammatical function of a word
Q 82.
In English, word stress is:
- a.
  Always on the first syllable
- b.
  Unpredictable and random
- c.
  Fixed for every speaker
- d.
  Influenced by speakers' mood
Q 83.
What is the typical stress pattern of two-syllable nouns?
- a.
  Second syllable
- b.
  First syllable
- c.
  Both syllables
- d.
  No stress
Q 84.
The word 'record' has different stress depending on its function. This is an example of:
- a.
  Stress shift
- b.
  Tone change
- c.
  Assimilation
- d.
  Elision
Q 85.
Which of the following words has stress on the second syllable?
- a.
  Doctor
- b.
  Present (noun)
- c.
  About
- d.
  Teacher
Q 86.
Which word has a different stress pattern?
- a.
  Export (noun)
- b.
  Record (verb)
- c.
  Present (verb)
- d.
  Produce (verb)
Q 87.
Which of these words has stress on the first syllable?
- a.
  Begin
- b.
  Arrive
- c.
  Enter
- d.
  Forget
Q 88.
Choose the word with a different stress pattern:
- a.
  Politics
- b.
  Cinema
- c.
  Banana
- d.
  Family
Q 89.
Which of the following words has the main stress on the third syllable?
- a.
  Understand
- b.
  Industry
- c.
  Company
- d.
  Memory
Q 90.
Which of the following pairs shows a noun-word stress difference?
- a.
  Photograph / Photograph
- b.
  Produce / Produce
- c.
  Result / Result
- d.
  Record / Recall
Q 91.
What is sentence stress?
- a.
  Stress caused by grammar
- b.
  Emphasis placed on important words in a sentence
- c.
  Stress on the first word of every sentence
- d.
  Stress on all syllables equally
Q 92.
Which types of words usually receive sentence stress in English?
- a.
  Articles, prepositions, auxiliary verbs
- b.
  Pronouns and conjunctions
- c.
  Content words (nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs)
- d.
  All words equally
Q 93.
Which sentence is stressed correctly?
- a.
  I have finished my homework.
- b.
  I have finished my homework.
- c.
  I have finished my homework.
- d.
  I have finished my homework.
Q 94.
Sentence stress is crucial for:
- a.
  Deciding spelling
- b.
  Understanding meaning and rhythm
- c.
  Counting syllables
- d.
  Replacing content words
Q 95.
Which word would normally be unstressed in the sentence: "She is going to the store"?
- a.
  She
- b.
  Going
- c.
  To
- d.
  Store
Q 96.
Which words are likely to be stressed in the sentence: "The cat sat on the mat"?
- a.
  The, on, the
- b.
  Cat, sat, mat
- c.
  Sat, on, the
- d.
  The, cat, on
Q 97.
Choose the sentence with correct sentence stress:
- a.
  I don't know the answer.
- b.
  I don't know the answer.
- c.
  I don't know the answer.
- d.
  I don't know the answer.
Q 98.
Which of these is a function word, and usually unstressed?
- a.
  Book
- b.
  Quickly
- c.
  Have
- d.
  Student
Q 99.
The rhythm of English speech is primarily shaped by:
- a.
  Word order
- b.
  Sentence stress and weak syllables
- c.
  Sentence punctuation
- d.
  Syllable length
Q 100.
Sentence stress helps listeners to:
- a.
  Memorize the spelling
- b.
  Recognize grammar
- c.
  Focus on key information
- d.
  Understand rhyme

Answers and explanations are in mode.

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