Medical Terminology - Endocrine System University

Endocrine System - Chapter 18 Exam

35 questions

45 min

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Exam info

Subject: Medical Terminology - Endocrine System
Exam type: University
Questions: 35
Duration: 45 min
Answers: ✓ With explanations

Questions (35)

Q 1.
Which endocrine gland is located in a bony depression of the skull called the sella turcica?
- A.
  Thyroid gland
- B.
  Pituitary gland (hypophysis)
- C.
  Adrenal gland
- D.
  Pineal gland
Q 2.
The combining form 'thyr/o' relates to which anatomical structure?
- A.
  Thymus
- B.
  Thyroid gland
- C.
  Thorax
- D.
  Tibia
Q 3.
What does the medical term 'hypokalemia' mean?
- A.
  Excess potassium in the blood
- B.
  Deficient potassium in the blood
- C.
  Normal sodium level
- D.
  Excess calcium in the blood
Q 4.
Graves disease is an example of which type of thyroid disorder?
- A.
  Hyposecretion of the thyroid gland
- B.
  Hypersecretion of the thyroid gland
- C.
  A benign tumor of the parathyroid gland
- D.
  A normal-functioning thyroid gland
Q 5.
Which clinical feature is most characteristic of Cushing syndrome?
- A.
  Exophthalmos and weight loss
- B.
  Moon-face appearance and buffalo hump
- C.
  Tetany from low blood calcium
- D.
  Hyperpigmentation of the skin
Q 6.
A fasting plasma glucose (FPG) level of 130 mg/dL would be classified as:
- A.
  Normal
- B.
  Prediabetes
- C.
  Diabetes
- D.
  Hypoglycemia
Q 7.
What does the abbreviation ACTH stand for?
- A.
  Adrenocorticotropic hormone
- B.
  Adrenal cortex thyroid hormone
- C.
  Antidiuretic cortisol hormone
- D.
  Adrenal cortisone thyroid hormone
Q 8.
Which medication is used to treat Graves disease (hyperthyroidism)?
- A.
  Methimazole (Tapazole)
- B.
  Levothyroxine (Synthroid)
- C.
  Desmopressin (DDAVP)
- D.
  Metformin
Q 9.
Which hormone is secreted by the beta cells of the islets of Langerhans?
- A.
  Glucagon
- B.
  Cortisol
- C.
  Insulin
- D.
  Calcitonin
Q 10.
What is the meaning of the medical term 'thyrotoxicosis'?
- A.
  Inflammation of the thyroid gland
- B.
  Condition caused by excessive thyroid gland activity
- C.
  Surgical removal of the thyroid gland
- D.
  Deficiency of thyroid hormone
Q 11.
Which condition is caused by hypersecretion of growth hormone (GH) after the closure of long bone growth plates?
- A.
  Gigantism
- B.
  Acromegaly
- C.
  Dwarfism
- D.
  Cretinism
Q 12.
Which electrolyte is regulated by aldosterone in the kidney?
- A.
  Calcium
- B.
  Potassium and sodium
- C.
  Glucose
- D.
  Iodine
Q 13.
What does the combining form 'glyc/o' refer to?
- A.
  Gland
- B.
  Sugar
- C.
  Starch
- D.
  Salt
Q 14.
Which abbreviation represents a test measuring long-term glucose control in diabetic patients?
- A.
  FBG
- B.
  HbA1C
- C.
  GTT
- D.
  TSH
Q 15.
Which condition results from hyposecretion of parathyroid hormone (PTH)?
- A.
  Hypercalcemia and kidney stones
- B.
  Tetany from muscle spasms
- C.
  Bone decalcification
- D.
  Increased calcium absorption
Q 16.
Diabetes insipidus is characterized by insufficient secretion of which hormone?
- A.
  Insulin
- B.
  Antidiuretic hormone (ADH/vasopressin)
- C.
  Glucagon
- D.
  Cortisol
Q 17.
Which hormone is produced by the adrenal medulla and is described as a 'fight or flight' hormone?
- A.
  Cortisol
- B.
  Aldosterone
- C.
  Epinephrine (adrenaline)
- D.
  Calcitonin
Q 18.
What does the suffix '-tropin' mean in a medical term like 'gonadotropin'?
- A.
  Removing or destroying
- B.
  Stimulating the function of
- C.
  Resembling or like
- D.
  Pain
Q 19.
Which laboratory test is most useful for diagnosing diabetes insipidus versus diabetes mellitus?
- A.
  Fasting plasma glucose (FPG)
- B.
  Urine specific gravity and ADH level
- C.
  HbA1C
- D.
  Serum cortisol level
Q 20.
A patient has hyponatremia. Which gland is most likely underactive?
- A.
  Thyroid gland
- B.
  Adrenal cortex
- C.
  Anterior pituitary
- D.
  Pancreas
Q 21.
Which of the following best describes exophthalmos?
- A.
  Drooping of the upper eyelid
- B.
  Protrusion of the eyeballs
- C.
  Clouding of the lens
- D.
  Crossed eyes (strabismus)
Q 22.
Which medication is the first-line oral medication commonly used to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus?
- A.
  Levothyroxine
- B.
  Metformin
- C.
  Prednisone
- D.
  Alendronate
Q 23.
What is the meaning of the prefix 'eu-' in the term 'euthyroid'?
- A.
  Excessive or above
- B.
  Good, normal
- C.
  Deficient or below
- D.
  Within
Q 24.
Which hormone is stored and released by the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland, but produced in the hypothalamus?
- A.
  Growth hormone (GH)
- B.
  Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
- C.
  Oxytocin
- D.
  Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
Q 25.
Panhypopituitarism refers to:
- A.
  Excess of all pituitary hormones
- B.
  Deficiency of all pituitary hormones
- C.
  Enlargement of the pituitary gland
- D.
  Inflammation of the pituitary gland
Q 26.
Which of the following is a long-term (secondary) complication of diabetes mellitus?
- A.
  Polyuria
- B.
  Diabetic retinopathy
- C.
  Polydipsia
- D.
  Polyphagia
Q 27.
Which term means excessive secretion of adrenal androgens in adult women, leading to hirsutism and voice deepening?
- A.
  Cushing syndrome
- B.
  Adrenal virilism
- C.
  Addison disease
- D.
  Pheochromocytoma
Q 28.
The combining form 'calc/o' or 'calci/o' refers to:
- A.
  Sodium
- B.
  Calcium
- C.
  Potassium
- D.
  Glucose
Q 29.
Which of the following hormones increases blood calcium by mobilizing it from bones?
- A.
  Calcitonin
- B.
  Parathyroid hormone (PTH)
- C.
  Insulin
- D.
  Oxytocin
Q 30.
Which imaging test uses a radioactive iodine uptake scan (RAIU) to assess thyroid function?
- A.
  Computed tomography (CT) scan
- B.
  Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
- C.
  Thyroid scan
- D.
  Exophthalmometry
Q 31.
What does the medical term 'polydipsia' mean?
- A.
  Increased hunger
- B.
  Increased thirst
- C.
  Increased urination
- D.
  Increased eating
Q 32.
Which type of diabetes is characterized as an autoimmune disease with destruction of beta islet cells?
- A.
  Type 1 diabetes
- B.
  Type 2 diabetes
- C.
  Gestational diabetes
- D.
  Diabetes insipidus
Q 33.
The combining form 'adren/o' or 'adrenal/o' refers to:
- A.
  The kidney
- B.
  The adrenal gland
- C.
  The pituitary gland
- D.
  The pancreas
Q 34.
Which medication would be appropriate for a patient with diabetes insipidus?
- A.
  Metformin
- B.
  Desmopressin (DDAVP)
- C.
  Insulin
- D.
  Levothyroxine
Q 35.
Which of the following best describes the relationship between the hypothalamus and pituitary gland?
- A.
  The hypothalamus is a gland that stores hormones produced by the pituitary
- B.
  The hypothalamus produces releasing and inhibiting factors that regulate the anterior pituitary
- C.
  The pituitary gland controls the hypothalamus through nerve impulses
- D.
  The hypothalamus and pituitary are independent of each other

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Endocrine System - Chapter 18 Exam

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Questions (35)

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