Medical Terminology - Endocrine System University

Endocrine System - Chapter 18 Exam

20 câu

35 phút

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Môn: Medical Terminology - Endocrine System
Kỳ thi: University
Số câu: 20 câu
Thời gian: 35 phút
Đáp án: ✓ Có giải thích

Nội dung đề (20 câu)

Câu 1.
Which characteristic distinguishes endocrine glands from exocrine glands?
- A.
  Endocrine glands secrete hormones via ducts to the outside of the body.
- B.
  Endocrine glands are ductless and secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream.
- C.
  Endocrine glands are located only in the brain.
- D.
  Endocrine glands produce sweat and saliva.
Câu 2.
Which hormone is secreted by the thyroid gland when blood calcium levels are elevated?
- A.
  Thyroxine (T4)
- B.
  Parathyroid hormone (PTH)
- C.
  Calcitonin
- D.
  Triiodothyronine (T3)
Câu 3.
The hormone that mobilizes calcium from bones into the bloodstream is produced by which gland?
- A.
  Thyroid gland
- B.
  Adrenal cortex
- C.
  Parathyroid glands
- D.
  Pancreatic islet cells
Câu 4.
Which set of hormones is correctly matched with the 'three S's' of the adrenal cortex?
- A.
  Sugar, sodium, sex hormones
- B.
  Sugar, salt, sex hormones
- C.
  Somatotropin, steroids, sympathomimetics
- D.
  Serotonin, somatostatin, sleep hormones
Câu 5.
Epinephrine and norepinephrine are classified as which type of hormones?
- A.
  Steroids derived from cholesterol
- B.
  Catecholamines derived from amino acids
- C.
  Glucocorticoids derived from glucose
- D.
  Mineralocorticoids derived from minerals
Câu 6.
Insulin lowers blood glucose by which mechanism?
- A.
  Converting glycogen to glucose in the liver
- B.
  Helping glucose enter body cells and converting glucose to glycogen in the liver
- C.
  Stimulating the release of glucose from liver stores
- D.
  Increasing gluconeogenesis in the liver
Câu 7.
Which anterior pituitary hormone stimulates the adrenal cortex to secrete cortisol?
- A.
  Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
- B.
  Growth hormone (GH)
- C.
  Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
- D.
  Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
Câu 8.
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) is stored and released by which part of the pituitary gland?
- A.
  Anterior lobe (adenohypophysis)
- B.
  Posterior lobe (neurohypophysis)
- C.
  Sella turcica
- D.
  Hypothalamus only
Câu 9.
Type 1 diabetes mellitus is best characterized by which of the following?
- A.
  An autoimmune disease with destruction of pancreatic beta cells
- B.
  Insulin resistance with relative insulin deficiency, usually in obese adults
- C.
  A condition that typically develops during pregnancy and resolves after delivery
- D.
  A condition caused by hypersecretion of insulin from a pancreatic tumor
Câu 10.
Which clinical features are most characteristic of Graves disease?
- A.
  Dry, puffy skin; bradycardia; weight gain; and constipation
- B.
  Exophthalmos, tachycardia, weight loss, hyperactivity, and increased body temperature
- C.
  Hypoglycemia, fainting spells, and convulsions
- D.
  Hyperglycemia, ketoacidosis, and polyuria
Câu 11.
Myxedema is the result of which endocrine dysfunction?
- A.
  Hypersecretion of cortisol from the adrenal cortex
- B.
  Advanced hypothyroidism in adulthood
- C.
  Excess growth hormone production after puberty
- D.
  Hyposecretion of parathyroid hormone
Câu 12.
Which set of clinical features is characteristic of Cushing syndrome?
- A.
  Hyperpigmentation, hypotension, hyponatremia, and weakness
- B.
  Moon-face, buffalo hump, hyperglycemia, hypertension, and osteoporosis
- C.
  Tetany, muscle spasms, and hypocalcemia
- D.
  Exophthalmos, weight loss, and tachycardia
Câu 13.
Addison disease is characterized by which of the following?
- A.
  Hypofunctioning of the adrenal cortex with hyperpigmentation and hyponatremia
- B.
  Hypertrophy of the adrenal medulla producing excess catecholamines
- C.
  Excess cortisol secretion causing obesity and hypertension
- D.
  An autoimmune disorder of the pancreas causing insulin deficiency
Câu 14.
Which condition results from a deficiency of antidiuretic hormone (ADH)?
- A.
  Diabetes mellitus
- B.
  Syndrome of inappropriate ADH (SIADH)
- C.
  Diabetes insipidus
- D.
  Acromegaly
Câu 15.
Acromegaly results from hypersecretion of growth hormone in which circumstance?
- A.
  Before puberty
- B.
  During fetal development
- C.
  After puberty, in adulthood
- D.
  Only during childhood
Câu 16.
Excessive secretion of ADH with water retention is characteristic of which disorder?
- A.
  Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH)
- B.
  Diabetes insipidus
- C.
  Panhypopituitarism
- D.
  Hypoparathyroidism
Câu 17.
Endemic goiter is most often caused by which deficiency?
- A.
  Iodine in the diet
- B.
  Calcium in the diet
- C.
  Vitamin D
- D.
  Iron in the diet
Câu 18.
The combining form 'calc/o' or 'calci/o' refers to which substance?
- A.
  Potassium
- B.
  Sodium
- C.
  Calcium
- D.
  Sugar
Câu 19.
Which laboratory test measures long-term glucose control by assessing glycosylated hemoglobin?
- A.
  Fasting plasma glucose (FPG)
- B.
  Glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1C or A1C) test
- C.
  Oral glucose tolerance test (GTT)
- D.
  Radioactive iodine uptake (RAIU)
Câu 20.
Which abbreviation represents a hormone produced by the posterior pituitary that is associated with water reabsorption by the kidneys?
- A.
  ACTH
- B.
  ADH
- C.
  TSH
- D.
  PRL

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Endocrine System - Chapter 18 Examination

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